The Ameliorating Effects of Salvia hispanica Seeds Ethanolic Extract on Methylprednisolone-Induced Osteoporosis in Female Rabbits
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This study aimed to determine the effect of an ethanolic extract of Salvia hispanica (Sh) seeds on osteoporosis induced by methylprednisolone (MP) in female rabbits by assessing the bone mineral density (BMD), serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone, as well as histopathological changes in the femur bone. Fifty female rabbits (Lepus cuniculus) averaging 1800±125 g and 8±1.4 months old were used in this study. They were randomly allocated to five groups of 10 rabbits each. The negative control group received only subcutaneous normal saline (1 mL/kg BW). The positive control group received MP subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg BW per day for 30 days, followed by oral normal saline (1 mL/kg BW) per day for two months. Group 3 received MP followed by oral administration of Sh seed ethanolic extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW per day for two months. Group 4 received MP followed by oral administration of alendronate (Ale) at a dose of 3.6 mg/kg weekly for two months. Group 5 received MP followed by Ale and then Sh seed ethanolic extract. The study continued until one week after the cessation of the treatments. The results showed that the BMD and serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D significantly decreased (P<0.05), while serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone significantly increased (P<0.05) in the positive control and alendronate groups compared with the negative control group after two months of treatment and after one week of withdrawal. However, the administration of Sh methanolic extract to the animals in the three treatment groups ameliorated these parameters and reverted them to normal values. Histopathological analysis of the femur bone head revealed abnormal bone morphology in the positive control group, while Sh extract treatment preserved the normal histology in the other groups. These findings concluded to that Sh seeds ethanolic extract has the potential to prevent bone loss induced by chronic glucocorticoid therapy and may have significant implications for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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