THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF THREE IMPORTED HOLSTEIN HERDS IN IRAQ
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The reproductive performance of three imported Holstein herds in Iraq was investigated in a field study. For this purpose a total number of 889 cows and heifers from three dairy stations that had been on a poor fertility management were palpated rectally for pregnancy determination. Of these, only 289 cows (32.5 %) were pregnant and 541 (60.85 %) were not pregnant. Regarding the non pregnant cows, 385 cows (70.38 % of the non pregnant, 43.3 % of the total) had a normal genital tracts (normal uteri and functional corpora lutea), indicating that they were cycling; the rest had palpable pathological findings; 69 (12.6 % of the total non pregnant) had ovarian inactivity, 56(10.2%) had purulent metritis; 14 (2.55 %) had cervical fibrosis; 12 (2.19 %) had cystic ovary and only two cows (0.36 %) had a mucometritis. The present data indicate low reproductive performance of these herds. Causes of high conception failure in these herds are discussed.
Downloads
Article Details
How to Cite
References
Britt, J.H. (1975). Early postpartum in diary cow. A review. J. Dairy Sci.58:266-271.
Mickelsen, W.D; Paisly, L.G. and Anderson, P.B.(1986). Survey of the prevalence and types of infertility in beef
cattle.JAVMA:189:51-54.
Peters, AR. and Ball,P.J.(1987). Reproduction in cattle. Butterworth & Co.Ltd, London.
Williamson, N.B.(1987). The interpretation of herd records and clinical findings for identifying and solving problems
of infertility. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practising Veterinarian, 9:14-24.
Dessouky,F. and Juma, K.H.(1973). Infertility problems among cows and buffaloes in Iraq. Indian J.Anim. Sci. 43: 187-192.
Dessouky,F., Youssef.N.B., Ali-Khan, A. A, Al-Jaff,F.H., Al Hakim, M.K. Juma, K.H. and Kassir, S.M. (1969),
Studies on some infertility problems in cows. Iraqi.J. Agric. Sci. 5:66-76.
Pellisier, C.L. (1972). Herd breeding problems and their conseouences. J.Dairy Sci.55:385-391.
Seguin, B.E. (1984). Technique factors influencing pregnancy rate, Proc 10th Technical Conference on Artificial
Insemintion and Reproduction Columbia, M, National Association of Animal Breeders: 122-125.
Younguist,R.S.and Braun, Jr.W.F.(1986). Management of infertility in the cow.JAVMA:189:411-414.
Lamming, G.E.and Bulman, D.C.(1976). The use of milk progesterone radioimmunoassay in the diagnosis and treatment
of subfertility in dairy cows. Br. Vet. J., 132: 507-517.
Cavestany D. and Foot, R.H. (1985). The use of milk progesterone and electronic vaginal probs as an aids in large dairy herd
reproductive management Corell Vet. 75:441- 453.
Omran, S.N.(1989). Ultrasonic imaging of Reproductive events in the cow.Ph.D. Thesis, Glasgow University.
Zemjanis, R. (1970). Diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in animal reproduction.2nd ed. Baltimore,
Williams and Wilkins.
Esslemont, R.J. (1984). Herd fertility indices, In Proceedings of 10th international congress on animal
Reproduction and Artificial Insemination. Urbana Champaign, I11.PP10-34.
Rupp, G.P. Ball, L. and Shoap,M.C.(1977). Reproductive efficiency of bulls in natural service. Effects of male to
female ratio and single versus multiple - sire breeding groups. JAVMA 171:639-642.
Chenowith,P.J.and Ball, L. (1980). Breeding soundness evaluation in bulls.: Current Therapy in Theriogenology,
D.A. Morrow, Ed.,W.S., Saunders Co. Philadelphia pp 330-339.
CorahT.D. Dunn, T.G. and Kaltenback, C.C.(1971). Influence of prepartum nutrition on the reproductive performance of
beef females and the performance of their progeny. J.Animl. of Sci. 41:819-824.
Dunn, T.G., Ingoll,J.E. and Zimmerman, D.R. (1979). Reproductive performance of 2 year-old Herford and Angus heifers
as influenced by pre and post calving energy intake.J.Animal. Sci.49:719-726.
Brink J.S., Olson, J.E.and Carroll, E.J. (1973). Calving difficultya ssociation with subsequent productivity
in Herefords. J.Animal. Sci.36:11-17.
Patterson, D.J., Bellows.R.A and Burtening, P.J. (1981). Effects of caesarean section, retained placenta, and vaginal or uterine prolapse on subsequent fertility in beef cattle.921.
Kesler,D.J. and Garverick, H.A(1982).Ovarian cysts in dairy cattle : a review.J.Animal.Sci. 55:1147-1159.
Williamson, N.D.; Quinton, F.W. and Anderson, G.A. (1980). The effect of variation in the interval between calving and first service on the reproductive performance of normal dairy cows.Aust. Vet.J. 56:477-480.