DISTRIBUTION OF PLASMODIUM PARASITES CAUSING MALARIA AMONG LOCAL CHICKENS IN SALAHUDDIN PROVINCE , IRAQ.
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Published:
Oct 3, 2021
Keywords:
PARASITES, PLASMODIUM, MALARIA, SALAHUDDIN PROVINCE , IRAQ.
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Abstract
This study included two stages, the first one was as epidemiological study of malaria in the local chickens of variuos areas in Salahuddin province the infection rate was 3.16 % out of 433 samples taken. There was different blood stages of the parasite which are represented by trophzoites, schizonts and to less extent gametocytes. The second stage was the experimental study,which showed the ability of induction of infection (subinoculation technique). Prepatent period was represented by the presence of trophozoites m schizonts and gametocytes. The most important clinical signs was partial paralysis , dullness and emaciation. The pathological changes showed congestion and enlargement of liver and spleen. congestion of brain with absence of exo-erythrocytic mild lymphocytosis in the infected group. it was concluded the ability of diagnosis of avian malaria using human malaria antigen by the indirect fluorescence antibody technique.
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DISTRIBUTION OF PLASMODIUM PARASITES CAUSING MALARIA AMONG LOCAL CHICKENS IN SALAHUDDIN PROVINCE , IRAQ. (2021). The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 26(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v26i1.1121
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How to Cite
DISTRIBUTION OF PLASMODIUM PARASITES CAUSING MALARIA AMONG LOCAL CHICKENS IN SALAHUDDIN PROVINCE , IRAQ. (2021). The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 26(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v26i1.1121
References
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2. Gills, H.M. (1990) Bruchwatte Essential Malariology, Geneva , WHO.
3. Adams, K.M.G.; Paul, J. and Zaman, V. (1971) Medical and veterinary protozoology. An illustrated guide. Edinburgh, Churchill Living Stone.
4. Seed, T.M. and Manwell, R.D. (1977) Plasmodia of birds. In: Krieier, J.P. Parasitic Protozoa. New York Academic Press.
5. Iorenco-de-Olivoria, R. and De-Castro,F. (1991) Culex saltanesis natural vector of P. juxtanuclear in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Mem. Inst. Osal do cruz. 76:87-94.
6. Bennett, G.F. (1993) Avian Heamatozoa in the boreal environment. Proc. Zolll. Soc. Calcutla. Haidane. Comm., 53:53-56.
7. El-Kordy, A.M. and Ahmed, H.M. (1960). Cited by Gurnham, P.E.C. Malaria Parasites and other Haemosporidia Oxf. Blackwell Scientific Pub.
8. Shamsuddin, M. and Manwell, R.D. (1977) Haematozoa of some Iraqi birds with description of Haemoproteus pterocli (n.sp.) and Lecucytozoan
nycticroxi (n.sp.). Bull. Nat. Hist. Res. Cen., 7:111-154. GLliball wil so (1994) (wLc Lowçu, aga ügbaw juz opel centre aswell.
9.129-123: 7.4 bil pelel a hell aboal.jl jell - ces gall i seng shall no vualul
10. WHO. (1974). Basic malaria microscopy. Part I, Geneva.
11. Coles, E.H. (1986)Veterinary Clinicat Pathology. 4th ed. W.B. Saunders Company.
12. WHO (1974) Serological testing in malaria: WHO memoanda. Bull WHO, 50:527-535.
13. Al-Heyali, H.M; Al-Heyali, B.M. and Al-Kalidi, J.A. (1998). Prevalence of Haematozoa in different species of birds in Baghdad province. J. Ibn Al
Haithem for Pure and Applied Science. 9:37-44.
14. Verghese, T. (1987). Endoparasites of birds of paradise in Papia New Guinea. Vet. Parasitol. 26:131-144.
15. Stephen, E. (1982). Avian malaria at high altitude and occurrence of P. convylla Vanghanni in Zonotrichia. J. Parasitol, 68:166-167..
16. Cohen, S. (1977) Mechanisms of malaria Immunity. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. Iba-286.
17. Zahar, A.R. (1984) Vector control operation in the Africa context. Bull. WHO. 62:98-100.
18. Tanner, M. (1997) Malaria from molecular biology to epidemiology. Swiss Trop. Inst. Biennial. Report. 1977-1998. Bas. Switzerland.
19. Forrester, D.J.; Humphreg, P.P. and Telford, V.R. (1980) Effect of blood induced infection of P hernani on domestic and wild turkey. Poult. J. Wild.
Life. Dis. 16:237-244.
20. Bwam, A.J. and Kneier, J.D. (1973) Plasmodium gallinaceum mechanism of anemia in infected chickens. Exp. Parasitol.33:79-88.
21. Garbham, P.C.C. (1966) Malaria parasite and other Haemosporidia. Oxf. Blackwell. Sci. Publ.
22. Barnes, H.L. (1974) Plasmodium species infecting turkey in North Nigeria. Vet. Rec. 95:218-219.
23. Herman, G.M. (1996) Subincoulation as a technique in the diagnosis of avian plasmodium. Avi. Dos., 19:541-547.
24. Barnes, H.F. and Warren, M. (1966) Biology of the Malysian strain of Plasmodium juxtanclear. Versiani and Gomes 1941. Desciption of the
stages in the vertebrate host. J. Parasitol. 52:565-569.
25. Manwell, R.D. and Stone, W.S. (1966) The role of anemia in pinotti malaria in pigeon. J. Parasitol 52:1145-1149.
26. Kielmannm, A.; Weiss, V. and Sarasin, J. (1970) Plasmodium gallinacecum as antigen in the diagnosis of human malaria. Bull. WHO. 43:617-822.