The Protective Role of Salmonella Typhimurium-Whole Sonicated Killed Antigen and Syzygium aromaticum Extract on the Histopathological Changes Against Its Infection in Rabbits
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the protective ability of Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in rabbits. Three groups of eight rabbits were given the following: The first group was subcutaneously given Salmonella
Typhimurium-whole sonicated killed antigen (ST-WSKAg); the second group was orally given S. aromaticum extract as well as KWCSAg-ST subcutaneously; the third group was left as positive control group. The rabbit groups were orally challenged by 9×108 CFU/mL Salmonella Typhimurium then the animals were sacrificed 10 days postchallenge for histopathological study. Intestine, liver, kidney, and spleen were studied for pathological changes. The results showed that the second group had the least histopathological changes with mild inflammation and cellular infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as low amount of vacuolation. The ST-WSKAg group showed multifocal aggregation of inflammatory cells and inflammation of all organs studied, as well as slight interstitial edema with few cellular infiltration and cystic tubular dilation of neighboring tubules in kidney. The positive control group showed the most extensive signs of destruction, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as existence of live bacterium in tissue. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum extract showed to give a suitable protective ability against inflammation and destruction of virulent Salmonella Typhimurium infection in comparison to both of ST-WSKAg and positive control groups
Downloads
Article Details
How to Cite
References
Sun H, Wan Y, Du P, Bai L. The epidemiology of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.
;17(2):87-97.
Abdulhaleem N, Garba B, Younis H, Mahmuda A, Hamat R, Majid R et al. Current Trend on the Economic and Public Health Significance of Salmonellosis in Iraq. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2019;7(6).
Ohl M, Miller S. Salmonella: A Model for Bacterial Pathogenesis. Annual Review of Medicine. 2001;52(1):259-274. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.52.1.259
Fàbrega A, Vila J. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium skills to succeed in the host: virulence and regulation. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2013;26(2):308-341. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00066-12
Que F, Wu S, Huang R. Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1(SPI-1) at Work. Current Microbiology. 2013;66(6):582-587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-013-0307-8
Thompson A, Fulde M, Tedin K. The metabolic pathways utilized by Salmonella Typhimurium during infection of host cells.
Environmental Microbiology Reports. 2018;10(2):140-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12628
Hasan M, Owain M, Abdulgafor A, Hasan M, Jarad A, Aboud Q et al. Study the Pathological Changes in the Intestine of Rabbits Infected
Experimentally with Salmonella Typhimurium. International Journal of Veterinary Science. 2019;8(2):79-83.
Patra S, Mohakud N, Panda R, Sahu B, Suar M. Prevalence and multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium: an
overview in South East Asia. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2021;37(11).
Zafar S, Ajab H, Mughal Z, Ahmed zai J, Baig S, Baig A et al. Prediction and evaluation of multi epitope based sub-unit vaccine against
Salmonella Typhimurium. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2022;29(2):1092-1099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.061
Seneviratne S, Jayarajah U, Abeysuriya V, Rahman A, Wanigasuriya K. COVID-19 vaccine landscape. Journal of the Ceylon College of
Physicians. 2020;51(2):120. https://doi.org/10.4038/jccp.v51i2.7906
Dua A, Garg G, Nagar S, Mahajan R. Methanol extract of clove (Syzygium aromaticum Linn.) damages cells and inhibits growth of
enteropathogens. Journal of Innovative Biology. 2014;1(4):200-205.
Mitov I, Denchev V, Linde K. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice after immunization with live oral vaccines of Salmonella
Typhimurium: auxotrophic mutants with two attenuating markers. Vaccine. 1992;10(1):61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(92)90421-F
Mcfarland J. The Nephelometer:An Instrument For Estimating The Number Of Bacteria In Suspensions Used For Calculating The Opsonic Index And For Vaccines. 2022.
Reed L, Muench H. A Simple Method of Estimating Fifty Per Cent Endpoints12. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1938;27(3):493-497. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408
Luna L. Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York; 1968.
Hensel M. Evolution of pathogenicity islands of Salmonella enterica. International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2004;294(2-3):95-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.06.025
Jørgensen M, van Raaphorst R, Veening J. Noise and Stochasticity in Gene Expression. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-417029-2.00006-6
Panda A, Tatarov I, Masek B, Hardick J, Crusan A, Wakefield T et al. A rabbit model of non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2014;37(4):211-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2014.05.004
Hsu H, Nakoneczna I, Guo Y. Histopathological evidence for protective immunity induced by sonicated Salmonella vaccine. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 1985;31(1):54-61. https://doi.org/10.1139/m85-012. https://doi.org/10.1139/m85-012
AL-Samarraae I, AL –Maadhidi R. Evaluation of interleukins (2, 6 and 8) in immunized white rats by Salmonella enterica subspecies
Typhimurium and Cryptococcus neoformans antigens. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2018;41(2).
Ali S, Prasad R, Mahmood A, Routray I, Shinkafi T, Sahin K et al. Eugenol-rich Fraction of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Reverses
Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Liver Cirrhosis and Inhibits Hepatic Cell Proliferation. Journal of Cancer Prevention.
;19(4):288-300.
JIN S, LEE M, SHIN I, JEON W, HA H. Syzygium aromaticum water extract attenuates ethanol-induced gastric injury through antioxidant effects in rats. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2016;14(1):361-366. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5269
Jose S, Ratheesh M, Asha S, Krishnakumar I, Sandya S, Girish K. Hepato-protective Effect of Clove Bud Polyphenols (Syzygium aromaticum L.) (Clovinol®) by Modulating Alcohol Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Journal of Food Research. 2017;7(1):10. https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n1p10
El-Hadary A, Ramadan Hassanien M. Hepatoprotective effect of coldpressed Syzygium aromaticum oil against carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2015;54(8):1364-1372. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2015.1078381
Wael S, Watuguly T, Arini I, Smit A, Matdoan N, Prihati D et al. Potential of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Leaf Extract on Immune
Proliferation Response in Balb/c Mice Infected with SalmonellaTyphimurium. Case Reports in Clinical Medicine. 2018;07(12):613-627. https://doi.org/10.4236/crcm.2018.712057
Jwad B, Mahmood M, Abd ALameer A. Pathological and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Salmonella Typhimurium
Pathogenicity During Oral Experimental Infection in Mice. Medico Legal Update. 2021;21(2).
AL-Samarrae E, AL-Shawi A, AL-Taiy H. Humoral immune response of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis sonicated
antigens in rabbits. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2012;36(0E):84-88. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i0E.385
Dibazar S, Fateh S, Daneshmandi S. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) ingredients affect lymphocyte subtypes expansion and cytokine
profile responses: An in vitro evaluation. Journal of Food and DrugAnalysis. 2014;22(4):448-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2014.04.005
Al-Kaissy G, Al-Ubaidi E, Abd Al-Jalile R. The use of Iraqi probiotic and poultry grow in reducing the experimentally infection of broiler
chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2006;30(2):110. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v30i2.811
Karm I. Investigation of active compound in clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract and compared with inhibitors of growth of some
types of bacteria causing food poisoning. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2019;50(6).