Subacute Toxicity of Brown Truffle (Terfezia claveryi) on Sprague-Dawley Rats Kanabi M. Rebin , Hiewa O. Dyary , Mahmud R. Harseen , Sharif O. Rozha , Ali H. Hassan
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Brown truffle (Terfezia claveryi) is a wild fungi species collected and consumed by humans in Iraq, especially during the raining season, from February to April. However, the toxicological effects of this fungus have not been studied in humans. This study tested the subacute toxicity of brown truffle’s methanolic extract on a rat model. Daily oral doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg were administered to adult Sprague-Dawley rat groups of both sexes for 14 days. There were no behavioral changes, no alterations in body weight, organ weight, and body weight gain (p>0.05) in the treated rats, compared to the untreated control group. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters did not show significant (p>0.05) differences from the control. Microscopic examinations of the brain, lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, and heart tissues revealed no pathological lesions in treated rats’ organs. These results imply that the administration of methanolic extract of T. claveryi to rats does not result in observable toxicity
Correspondence: [email protected]
Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, New Sulaimani, Street 27, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Received:1 September 2020
Accepted: 4 October 2020
Published: 28 December 2020
Downloads
Article Details
How to Cite
References
Mohammed RS, Ahmed RS, Abdaljalil RO. Uranium, thorium, potassium, and cesium radionuclides concentrations in desert truffles from the governorate of Samawah in Southern Iraq. J Food Prot. 2018; 81(9):1540-1548. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-138.
Marqués-Gálvez JE, Morte A, Navarro-Rodenas A, Garcia-Carmona F, Perez-Gilabert M. Purification and characterization of Terfezia claveryi TcCAT-1, a desert truffle catalase upregulated in mycorrhizal symbiosis. PloS One. 2019; 14(7). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219300.
Schillaci D, Cusimano MG, Cascioferro SM, Di Stefano V, Arizza V, Chiaramonte M, et al. Antibacterial activity of desert truffles from Saudi Arabia against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms. 2017; 19(2).
Khalifa SA, Farag MA, Yosri N, Sabir JS, Saeed A, Al-Mousawi SM, et al. Truffles: From Islamic culture to chemistry, pharmacology, and food trends in recent times. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 2019; 91: 193-218.
Al-Laith AAA. Antioxidant components and antioxidant/antiradical activities of desert truffle (Tirmania nivea) from various Middle Eastern origins. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2010; 23(1):15-22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jfca.2009.07.005Get.
Bancroft J, Layton C. The hematoxylin and eosin. In: Suvarna SK, Layton C, Bancroft J. Editors. Bancroft’s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 7th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2012. p. 173-186.
Stevens A, Lowe JS, Young B, Wheater PR, Burkitt HG, editors. Wheater's basic histopathology: A colour atlas and text. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2002. 295 p.
Johnson MD, Gad SC, Kemper CJ. The rat. In: Gad SC, editor. Animal Models in Toxicology. 3rd edition. New York: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2016. p. 153-284.
Food and Drug Administration. Toxicological principles for the safety assessment of food ingredients, iv. C. 3.a. Short-term toxicity studies with rodents [Internet]. Food and Drug Administration; 2003. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/redbook-2000-ivc3a-short-term-toxicity-studies-rodents.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Guideline for the testing of chemicals: acute oral toxicity–acute toxic class method. Guideline. [Internet]. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; 2001. Available from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-423-acute-oral-toxicity-acute-toxic-class-method_9789264071001-en.
Sellers RS, Mortan D, Michael B, Roome N, Johnson JK, Yano BL, et al. Society of Toxicologic Pathology position paper: organ weight recommendations for toxicology studies. Toxicol Pathol. 2007; 35(5):751-755. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230701595300.
Denny KH, Stewart CW. Acute, subacute, subchronic, and chronic general toxicity testing for preclinical drug development. In: Faqi AS, editor. A
Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development. 2nd ed. New York: Elsevier; 2017. p. 109-127.
Bischoff K, Mukai M, Ramaiah SK. Liver toxicity. In: Gupta RC, editor. Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles. 3rd ed. New York: Elsevier; 2018. p. 239-257.
Ramadhan SJ, Khudair KK. Effect of betaine on hepatic and renal functions in acrylamide treated rats. Iraqi .J.Vet.Med. 2019;43: 138-147.
Navarro VJ, JR Senior. Drug-related hepatotoxicity. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006;354:731-739.
McDaniel MJ. Hepatic Function Testing: The ABCs of the Liver Function Tests. Physician Assist. Clin. 2019;4:541-550.
Farkas JD, Farkas P. Liver and gastroenterology tests. In: Lee M, editor. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data. 4th ed. Maryland: American Society of Health-system Pharmacists; 2009. 618 p.
Blaine J, M Chonchol, M Levi. Renal control of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2015;10:1257-1272.
Muchtar E, A Dispenzieri, MQ Lacy, FK Buadi, P Kapoor, SR Hayman, W Gonsalves, R Warsame, TV Kourelis, R Chakraborty. Elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase in AL amyloidosis reflects tissue damage and is an adverse prognostic marker in patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation. Br. J. Haematol. 2017;178:888-895.