Epidemiological, Morphological, and Histopathological Study of Quail Coccidiosis in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

Main Article Content

Muntadher M F Al-Zarkoushi
Mohammed Th S Al-Zubaidi

Abstract

  Coccidiosis is the most common and important disease of poultry resulting in great economic losses world widely. The objective of this study was to define the species of Eimeria, their prevalence, and gut histopathological lesions in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Over the period of ten months (December 2019 to September 2020), a total of 330 fresh fecal samples (201 from males and 129 from females) were collected from different marketplaces and farms in Thi-Qar province. Direct smear and flotation techniques were used to examine the presence of Eimeria oocysts in the fecal samples. The sporulated oocyst shape indices were measured microscopically. Hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Periodic-Acid Schiff stains were used to diagnose potential pathological lesions and Eimeria developmental phases within the small (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large (caeca) intestines. Four species, according to the criteria adopted, Eimeria bateri, Eimeria uzura, Eimeria tsunodai, and Eimeria fluminensis were uncovered in current study, with shape indices of 1.30, 1.36, 1.30, and 1.05, respectively. The total infection rate was 64.54%; and the morphological characteristics of the oocysts was identified. The highest infection rate was in E. bateri (41.78%), while the lowest infection rate was in E. fluminensis (7.98%). The highest prevalence rate was in March 84.84% with a significant effect at P<0.01. The sex of quail had no significant effect of the coccidiosis infection. The study revealed a destruction in the epithelium of the mucosa and submucosa of the intestine and development of the Eimeria stages, which led to malabsorption and consequently weight loss and economic losses in the quail industry.


 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Epidemiological, Morphological, and Histopathological Study of Quail Coccidiosis in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq. (2021). The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 45(1), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v45i1.1066
Section
Articles

How to Cite

Epidemiological, Morphological, and Histopathological Study of Quail Coccidiosis in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq. (2021). The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 45(1), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v45i1.1066

References

Seok S, Park J, Cho S, Baek M, Lee H, Kim D. Coccidian (Eimeria spp) in small intestine of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Korean J. Lab. An. Sci. 2003; 19(2): 90–91.

Shirley MW, Smith AL, Blake DP. Challenges in the successful control of the avian coccidia. Vaccine. 2007; 25: 5540–5547.

Brown-Jordan A, Blake D, Beard J, Beharry A, Serrette L, Soleyn A, et al. Molecular identification of Eimeria species in broiler chickens in Trinidad, West Indies. Vet. Sci. 2018; 5: 12–21.

Mahdii EF, Al-Rubaie HMA. Study the prevalence of pigeon coccidiosis in Baghdad city. Iraqi J. Vet. Med. 2013; 37(1): 106-108.

Mohammad NH. A Study on the pathological and diagnosis of Eimeria species infection in Japanese quail. Ba J. Vet. Res. 2012; 11(1): 318-330.

Khudhair HY. Diagnostic and histopathological study of Eimeria spp. in quails in Baghdad city. [Thesis]. Baghdad, Iraq: University of Baghdad; 2014.

Urquhart GM, Armour J, Duncan A, Jennings FW, editors. Veterinary Helminthology: veterinary parasitology. New York, Churchill living stoner Inc. 2003. 114-116.

Bhatia BB, Pathak KML, Banerjee DP. A textbook of veterinary parasitology. 2nd ed. Kalyani: New Delhi; 2004. 337–343p.

Soomro NM, Rind R, Arijo AG, Soomro SA. Clinical, gross and histopathological studies of coccidial infection in chicken. Intern J Agri. Biol. 2001; 3(4): 426–427.

Khan MN, Rehman T, Iqbad Z, Sajid MS, Ahmad M, Riaz M. Prevalence and associated risk factors of Eimeria in sheep of Punjab, Pakistan. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Tech. 2011; 5: 334-338.

Charles MH, Robinson E. Diagnostic parasitology for veterinary techniques. 3rd ed. US, Elsevier Heal. Scie. 2006. 25-56p.

Duszynski DW, Wilber PG. A guideline for the preparation of species descriptions in the Eimeridae. J Parasitol. 1997; 83: 333-336.

Harper CK, Penzhorn BL. “Occurrence and diversity ofcoccidia in indigenous, Saanen and crossbred goats in South Africa.” Vet. Parasitol. 1999; 82(1): 1–9.

Garcia LS. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology. 6th ed. ASM Press:Washington DC. USA. 2016.

Banks WJ. Applied Veterinary Histology. 3rd ed. USA: Morsby; 1993. 326-331p.

Sheehan DC, Hrapchak BB. Theory and practice of histotechnology. 2nd ed. Ohio: Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus: 1987. 301-332p.

SAS S. Statistical Analysis System, User's Guide. Statistical. Version 9.1st ed. SAS. Inst. Inc. Cary. N.C. USA. 2012.

Abedel-Aal A, El-Sayed NM. Internal parasites of some migrant and farmed quails in Egypt. Egypt J. Vet. Med. Soc. 2003; (1): 29-45.

Gebeyeh M, Yizengaw L. The Prevalence of poultry coccidiosis in intensive farm and individual small holder poultry farm in Hawassa town district. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2017; 4(4): 57-66.

Teixeira M, Lopes CWG. Species of the genus Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) in Brazil and E. fluminensis for the preoccupied E. minima of this quail. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Vet. 2002; 202: 53–56.

Teixeira M, Teixeira-Filo WL, Lopes CWG. Coccidiosis in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) characterization of a naturally occurring infection in a commercial rearing farm. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. 2004; 6(2): 129-134.

Berto BP, Borba HR, Lima VM, Flausino W, Teixeira-Filho WL, Lopes CWG. Eimeria spp. from Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica): new

characteristic features and diagnostic tools. Pesq Vet. Bras. 2013; 33(12): 1441-1447.

Arafat N, Abbas I. Coccidia of Japanese quail: from identification, prevalence, infection, and immunization. J. Parasitol. 2018; 104(1): 23–30.

Berto BP, McIntosh D, Lopes CWG. Studies on coccidian oocysts (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida). Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol. 2014; 23(1): 1-15.

Williams RB. Epidemiological studies of coccidiosis in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus). II. Physical condition and survival of Eimeria acervulina oocysts in poultry house litter. Appl. Parasitol. 1995. 36: 90-96.

Al Se´adawy MAH. Prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis associated with house reared chickens in Al-Muthanna province, Iraq. Kufa J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2013; 4(1): 128-133.

Abdul-Latif A, Fazal S, Manzoor F, Maqbool A, Asghar S, Wajid I, et al. A comparative study on prevalence of coccidian parasites in broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and wild pigeon (Columba livia). Pakistan J. Zool. 2016; 48(1): 295-297.

Kaingu FB, Kibor AC, Shivairo R, Kutima H, Okeno TO, Waihena R,et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes and Coccidia in indigenous chicken from different agroclimatic zones in Kenya. Afr. J. Agri. Res. 2010; 5:458-462.

Fadl SR, Kalef DA, Abbas SM. Prevalence of parasitic infection in the sheep from different regions in Baghdad. Iraqi J. Vet. Med. 2011; 35 (1): 204-209.

Liburd EM. Incidence of coccidia in California quail (lophortyx californicus) from the Okanagan valley, British Columbia. Can. J. Zool. 1969; 47(4): 645-648.

Baba E, Furata T, Arakawa A. Establishment and persistence of Salmonella typhimurium infection stimulated by Eimeria tenella in chickens. Research in Vet. Sci. 1982; 33: 95-98.

Bujmehrani H. Prevalence and risk factors for subclinical coccidiosis in broiler chicken farms in Mazandaran province, Iran. Trop Anim. Health and Prod. 2011; 43:1601–1604.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.